14th Part
8. Explain the objective and components of ICDS and MDM. (4)
A. ICDS - The specific objectives of ICDS are to :
i) improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age group of 0 to 6 years and adolescents;
ii) lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child;
iii) reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school drop-out;
iv) achieve effective coordination and implementation of policy amongst the various
departments to promote child development; and
v) enhance the capability of the mother to look after the health and nutritional
needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education.
Target Groups (Beneficiaries) of ICDS are -
Infants under 1 year
Children 1-6 years
Pregnant and lactating women
All women up to 45 years and adolescent girls.
The components of the ICDS program are :
A) Supplementary nutrition - All families in the community are surveyed to identify the poorest children below the age of six and pregnant and lactating mothers. Three hundred days a year, supplementary food is prepared and distributed to them at the Anganwadi center.
B) Immunization - All infants are immunized against infectious diseases such as diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, measles, poliomyelitis, and tuberculosis. All pregnant women are immunized against tetanus.
C) Periodic health check-ups, treatment of minor ailments and referral services - At the Anganwadi, children, adolescent girls and pregnant and lactating mothers are examined and treated at regular intervals by the local health personnel, such as the Lady Health Visitor (LHV) and Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM).
D) Growth monitoring - Growth monitoring means keeping an eye on physical growth in terms of height and weight of children. (Various parameters)
E) Non-formal preschool education - The main purpose of preschool education is to stimulate and satisfy the curiosity of the child between 3-5 years rather than follow any rigid learning curriculum. Children are taught songs and games.
F) Health/nutrition education to women
G) Safe drinking water
MDM -
Objectives are - The Mid Day Meal Programme aims at providing an additional meal to children, attending primary sections of the school. The purpose is not only to improve the nutritional status of children but also to attract more poor children to school and sustain their interest in learning so that drop out rates are lowered, and school attendance improves. The food supplement is expected to provide at least a third of the energy RDI and one half of the protein RDI of each child every day.
The main beneficiaries of the program are children between 6 and 11 years attending elementary/primary schools.
Components - The menu provided in this program is varied. The raw ingredients are cooked into 'upma' or 'khichri' or some other forms, which are convenient to eat. Even milk powder in some places forms part of the supplies. In Tamil Nadu, traditional 'rice-sambar' preparations are used in the program. It is expected to meet one-third of the energy and half of the protein RDIs.
Q State whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.
a Weight for age is the most sensitive measure for any change in the growth pattern of the child. (True/False)
A True
b) A low height for age is indicative of wasting. (TrueIFalse)
A False; a low height for age is indicative of stunting
c) Weight for height is an objective measure of the child's degree of fatness. Assessment of Nutritional status
A False; weight for height is a measure of the child's degree of thinness.
d) Arm circumference between one to five years increases considerably.
A False; arm circumference remains fairly constant between one to five years of age.
e) At six months of age, the chest circumference is much more than the head circumference (TruelFalse)
A False; at six months the head and chest circumference are about the same.
1) Accurate age assessment Interpretation of anthropometric measurement
2) Height for age Not affected by short duration
3) Less than 12.5 cm arm Circumference Moderately-severe malnutrition.
4) Low weight for height wasting
5) A steady increase in growth Adequate nutrition
Q 1) Match the items in column A with the items in column B.
Column A Column B
1) Nutritional deficiency signs & Clinical method symptoms
2) Food supply and dietary Diet survey intake data
3) Growth status Anthropometric measurements
4) The measure of nutrient concentration Biochemical assessment in body fluids
Q Growth faltering
A When growth slows down or stops we refer to it as growth faltering.
Q Growth chart
A It is a graph on which weight is plotted against age so that growth can be followed graphically.
Q What is the purpose of Growth Monitoring?
A a) To help identify at-risk children.
b) To take action at the first sign of inadequate growth.
c) To establish regular, effective communication with the mother-provides them with health and nutrition education.
d) To determine the grade of malnutrition of the child.
Q Why do you think an integrated approach is better in providing services to a Population?
A Integrating service greatly enhances the effectiveness of each program. Providing a food supplement alone will not solve the problem if no action is taken to control and treat infections through immunization and providing safe drinking water. On the other hand, if a child is seriously ill or already has a nutritional deficiency it then requires immediate medical attention i.e. referral services.
Anganwadi Worker (AWW)
AWW is usually a woman from the same village, slum, or tribal area where the center is located. She plays a pivotal role in the implementation of the program like ICDS due to her close and continuous contact with the community. She is the crucial link between the village population and the Government administration.
Enzymes - These are the chemical substances that perform important functions in our body. Ex amylase helps in the digestion of carbohydrates.
# protease enzymes break down proteins into amino acids.
lipase enzymes break down fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol.
Hormones - Hormones are the chemical substances that are required for performing various body processes. They are secreted by the endocrine glands. Ex insulin secreted by the thyroid gland.
Gelatinisation - Gelatinisation is a chemical reaction involving starch, moisture, and heat.
Q Indian Reference Woman & man (Explain in 2 — 3 sentences)
A The Reference man is an Indian man in the age group of 20-39 years doing moderate work and weighing 60 kg. He is free from disease and physically fit for active work. On each working day, he is employed for 8 hours in an occupation that usually involves moderate activity. He spends 8 hours in bed, 4-6 hours sitting and moving about, and 2 hours walking and in active recreation or household work.
An Indian woman 20-39 years old doing moderate work and weighing 50 kg is referred to as the Reference woman. She may be engaged for 8 hours in general household work, in light activity, or in other moderately active work. Apart from 8 hours in bed, she spends 4-6 hours sitting or moving around only through light activity and 2 hours in walking or in. active recreation or household duties.
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to your heart and other parts of your body. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows your arteries.
Menarche is the first menstrual cycle, or first menstrual bleeding, in female humans. From both social and medical perspectives, it is often considered the central event of female puberty, as it signals the possibility of fertility. Girls experience menarche at different ages
Cholesterol is a major component of all cell membranes and is used to make essential molecules such as hormones, fat-soluble vitamins, and bile acids to help you digest your food
Weaning is the process of gradually introducing an infant human or mammal to what will be its adult diet while withdrawing the supply of its mother's milk.
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